This online investigation recruited potential participants by using a social marketing campaign that involved the use of multiple venues to spread the news about this study opportunity. These included modern social networking technologies such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and emails, as well as the posting of flyers in community settings and on website bulletin boards e.
Craigslist, Backpages. Social media site posts, emails, and messages included the link to the study opportunity inviting eligible participants to complete the study survey. Those who completed the study, received emails, or saw posts about the study opportunity and were asked to forward the information to others who might be interested and eligible to participate. At the close of data collection, there were potential participants who consented to the study.
However, the final sample included only participants. This reflected a screening of eligibility and a careful review of all the data to ensure the quality of the data. In addition to the original inclusion criteria, participants that did not watch the entire video were excluded from the sample to ensure that the participants in the analysis received the same exposure during the study. Participants completed a quantitative assessment that surveyed basic demographic information, sexual risk behavior, and knowledge of PEP and PrEP.
After watching the video, participants were asked to rate the video and access their prior knowledge of PEP or PrEP; their intentions to use PEP or PrEP in the future—if appropriate; their intentions to recommend either one to other women; and, via open-ended questions, ascertained their thoughts and feelings about PEP and PrEP, including perceived advantages and disadvantages.
The program permitted generating the prizes in such a manner that the researcher could not access any email addresses submitted; thus, all study participants in the drawing remained anonymous, and the winner remained unknown to the researcher.
Survey data were used to provide a more comprehensive portrait of the women who participated. Analyses of the open-ended questions were thematic, focusing on dominant themes that emerged and were organized by the questions asked; attention was paid to the level of endorsement of a theme across the sample. First, based on the transcripts of the responses, a list of analytic areas represented in the data were composed and given a code i.
Second, the primary analyst principle investigator reread the transcripts and identified blocks of text to be given a descriptive label i. Next, the open-coded data were organized under and integrated into the closed code list.
Third, the data under each thematic code e. As the themes of the responses emerged, special attention was paid to data that did not confirm emerging themes, noting these for exploration in future research. In addition to using these methods of analysis, we also ensured analytic rigor by engaging several peer-reviews of early analytic claims Charmaz, For this analysis we will focus on the questions related to PrEP. The sample included Black women who met the inclusion criteria and completed the entire survey and video.
Table 1 describes demographic characteristics of the study participants. When asked about the perceived advantages or disadvantages regarding the use of PrEP, Participants expressed an interest in using PrEP, which was identified as an empowering and female-controlled prevention method. Four themes emerged as perceived advantages of PrEP usage and may explain intentions to use PrEP: 1 female-controlled prevention method, 2 provides an option for women with risky sex partners, 3 option for serodiscordant couples, and 4 empowering.
Most participants expressed that PrEP was a valuable method that would allow women to protect themselves from HIV infection without dependence on their male sex partners to use condoms. The women expressed that the main benefit to use PrEP and the reason for future adoption of PrEP, was that it was a female-controlled prevention method.
A female controlled method is considered to be important for women who are in unhealthy relationships where there is a power imbalance and negotiating condom use with sex partners is not feasible. One woman expressed that women in unhealthy relationships, still need an option for HIV prevention when condoms is no longer a choice. I think it is good for women to have an option they can be responsible for when their partner refuses to be responsible.
Many women expressed that PrEP would be a viable option for women who have sex partners that would be considered risky, including men who refuse to use condoms, have co-current sex partners, cheat within exclusive relationships, or abusive to their sex partners. The women in study acknowledged that there are women who are in relationships with men who have co-current partnerships which places them at higher risk for HIV infection.
One woman indicated:. If you are in a long term relationship and having sex without a condom and you feel or know your partner is having sex with others, PrEP is great. PrEP is very in need to all women. It helps save lives of women who are insecure or who are in cheating relationships.
Some expressed that PrEP was not for all women but should be recommended to women in unhealthy relationship. Another woman mentioned.
I would only recommend it to women in abusive relationships as an alternative to protect themselves. Women in unhealthy relationships where infidelity is rampant should also consider this drug as a preventive measure for their health and future.
The participants also expressed that PrEP was not only good for women who had unfaithful or abusive partners, it is also protective for those who have casual sex partners. It is also good for those who may find themselves in one night stand situations. Especially if you want to have a baby.
PrEP was viewed as an HIV prevention option that has the potential to promote empowerment and self-efficacy among Black women regarding their sexual health. This is a mature and empowering approach for a woman who is in a relationship with a partner who is not willing to use preventive measures. Twenty-two participants offered exclusive negative views of PrEP reporting that the drug was complicated and burdensome.
In addition, participants expressed that they feared PrEP would increase riskier sex behavior. Five themes emerged when examining the disadvantages of PrEP: 1 complexity of the choice, including testing burden, side effects, and adherence, 2 encourages sex with risky partners, 3 increases burden on women, 4 concerns for promoting unprotected sex, 5 newness of the drug, and 6 medical mistrust and stigma.
Several participants expressed that the side effects, the need for continuous testing HIV, kidney, etc. These programs support students' transitions to postsecondary education through dual enrollment, access to advanced facilities and labs, and exposure to college life.
These reports are cited by Bragg et al as useful materials for comparing Tech Prep and non-Tech Prep students. From the National Dissemination Center for Career and Technical Education, promising and exemplary programs were identified in years , and See also Tech Prep Texas.
Nonprofit research organization focusing on education strategies that prepare students for greater success in careers and higher education. Designed specifically to encourage career development, professional involvement, and networking among its Tech Prep members. Site includes list of state Tech Prep websites.
National Centers for Career and Technical Education. Conducts research and evaluation activities for career and technical education projects. How hard is that? This chapter provides a brief background as to why the researcher has chosen to do this study. The problem is stated and the purpose of the study is outlined. In addition, the basic questions to be researched are stated; assumptions upon which the success of the study is dependent are also stated.
The researcher also seeks to show the limitations of the study and have included definitions for some of the more important terms whose meanings need to be clarified for the purpose of this study. Agricultural Science curriculum is designed to prepare middle grade students for successful transition from school to work. Over the years, the misconception of technical education has been enormous so that one can hardly get a generally accepted definition.
Technical education was seen as a career for the less than average students since it does not require much academic work. The impression given by the general public is that the career is meant for those who are unable to forge ahead with a normal academic programme in a school system. Vocational and technical education has had a chequered history.
Given its humble beginnings, this aspect of education was misunderstood by educators in the larger society. In Guyana, Formal Technical and Vocational Education and Training evolved from the introduction of technical subjects in the primary school curriculum. At that time exposure to primary education was accepted as preparation for employment. This level of education, therefore, was a form of Vocational Education.
Persons who had successfully completed their primary education were able to gain employment in a wide range of low-level occupations. Between and the expansion of the plantations and the introduction of new industries such as mining, timber, rice, fishing and shipbuilding increased the demand for skilled personnel at all. Show More.
We are going to check out some of the pros or advantages of working as a patient care technician. These are just a few of the reasons that this job is a great one. As you can see, there are a lot of reasons to enjoy the work of a patient care technician. This can be a great job because it is rewarding and important. With any job, there are going to be parts of it that are not your favorite. Above, we talked about the pros of working as a patient care technician.
Here, we will talk about the cons of workings as a patient care technician.
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